2001/12/13(¸ñ)
¹ø¿ª] What Cures AIDS?  

..  1998³â¿¡ Stephen Davis¶ó´Â Æò¹üÇÑ °³ÀÎ »ç¾÷°¡°¡ Peter Duesberg ¹Ú»çÀÇ 'Inventing the AIDS Virus'¶ó´Â Ã¥À» ÀÐ°í¼­ ±×ÀÇ »ý°¢À» Á¤¸®ÇÑ ±ÛÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ø·¡ ±ÛÀÇ ¾Õ ºÎºÐ¿¡´Â HIV¿Í AIDS Àü¹Ý¿¡ °üÇÑ ±ÛÀÌ Àִµ¥, Ä¡·á¾à(ÁöµµºÎµò)ÀÇ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ ÈĹݺΠ¸ÕÀú ¿Ã¸³´Ï´Ù.
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What Cures AIDS?

Á¦¾àȸ»çµéÀº »õ·Î¿î ¾àÀ» °³¹ßÇϴµ¥ ¸Å³â ¼ö¹é¸¸ ´Þ·¯¸¦ ÅõÀÚÇÑ´Ù.
¶§¶§·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Å¾àµéÀº ¼øÀüÈ÷ ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. - ±× È­ÇÐÀû ±¸¼º¹°µéÀº ÀÛ¿ëÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ Ä¡·áÇÒ ¼ö Àִ ƯÁ¤Áúº´Àº ¾ø´Â °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Å¾àµéÀº º®ÀåÀÇ ¼±¹Ý ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ´øÁ®Áö°í, ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ±âÀûÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ ¹ßÈÖÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áúº´ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª±â¸¦ ±â´Ù¸°´Ù. ¸¸¾à »õ·Î¿î Áúº´ÀÌ Áö±¸»óÀÇ ¾îµð¿¡¼­µµ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Å¾àÀÌ ±× Áúº´À» Ä¡·áÇϴµ¥ È¿°úÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÔÁõµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é À§¿Í °°Àº °úÁ¤Àº Á¦¾àȸ»ç¿¡°Ô Ä¿´Ù¶õ ½Ã°£Àû, ÀçÁ¤Àû ¼Õ½ÇÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

1964³â ¾Ï Ä¡·áÁ¦ °³¹ß¿¡ Àü³äÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ø ¿µ±¹°è Á¦¾àȸ»çÀÎ Burroughs WellcomeÀº azidothymidine À̶ó´Â (ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î AZT·Î ºÒ¸®´Â) È­ÇÐÀû ÇÕ¼º¹°À» ¹ß¸íÇÑ´Ù.
¾ÏÀº ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÌ°í ÅëÁ¦ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ º¹Á¦Àε¥ Á¾Á¾ Á¾¾çÀ¸·Î ±×·ì Áö¿öÁø´Ù. (AZTÀÇ) ÀÌ·ÐÀû ±â¹ÝÀº, ¸¸¾à ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ º¹Á¦¸¦ ÁßÁö½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾àÀ» °³¹ßÇÑ´Ù¸é ¾ÏÀÇ ÁøÇ൵ ¸ØÃß°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
¿ª¼³ÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ º¹Á¦¸¦ ÁߴܽÃų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå ¼Õ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀº ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ºÐ¿­À» ¸·´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Burroughs WellcomeÀº ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Á¤»óÀûÀÎ DNA Àç»ýÀ» ¹æÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ã¾Æ³Â´Ù. ¹Ù·Î DNA ¾ïÁ¦Á¦ÀÎ AZT ¿´´Ù.

ÇÏÁö¸¸ ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ôµµ AZT´Â À¯¿ëÇÏ°í °Ç°­ÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷¿Í º´µç ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ ±¸º°ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. AZT´Â ¸ðµç ¼¼Æ÷µéÀÇ ºÐ¿­À» ¹æÇØÇß´Ù. DNA ¾ïÁ¦Á¦ÀÎ AZT¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºÐ¿­ÀÌ ¸ØÃß¾îÁø ¼¼Æ÷´Â Á×¾ú´Ù(¿À´Ã³¯¿¡µµ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ È­Çпä¹ýÀÌ À§¿Í °°Àº ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¾Ï ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù. Ç×¾ÏÁ¦´Â ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ºÐ¿­À» ¸ØÃß°Ô Çϴµ¥, ±×·¯¸é ±× ¼¼Æ÷´Â Á״´Ù. ±× °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¸é¿ª°èÀÇ T¼¼Æ÷¿Í °Ç°­ÇÏ°í Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ¼¼Æ÷µéµµ »ìÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¾Ï ȯÀÚ´Â ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ ÀÚüÀÇ °ø°Ýº¸´Ù´Â ¸é¿ªÀúÇÏ¿¡¼­ ±âÀÎÇÏ´Â ±âȸ°¨¿°À¸·Î »ç¸ÁÇÑ´Ù.).

´ç½Ã Burroughs WellcomeÀº AZTÀÇ Á¦Á¶, »ç¿ëÀ» À§ÇÑ ½ÂÀνÅûÁ¶Â÷ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. AZT¸¦ Å×½ºÆ®Çϸ鼭, ±×°ÍÀÌ ³Ê¹«µµ °­·ÂÇÏ°Ô ¼¼Æ÷µéÀ» Æı«ÇÏ°í ³Ê¹«µµ µ¶¼ºÀÌ °­ÇÏ¿© ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷º¸´Ùµµ »¡¸® ȯÀÚµéÀ» Á×À½¿¡ À̸£°Ô ÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹ß°ßÇ߱⠶§¹®À̾ú´Ù.
1964³â Detroit Cancer Foundation ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ¿´´ø Jerome Horwitz´Â ¾Ï¿¡ °É¸° »ýÁã¿¡°Ô AZT¸¦ Åõ¿©Çß´Ù. ±× Áã´Â AZTÀÇ ±Ø½ÉÇÑ µ¶¼ºÀ¸·Î Áï»çÇß´Ù.
AZT´Â º®Àå ¼Ó ¼±¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÃÄ ¹ÚÇû´Ù.

±×·ÎºÎÅÍ 20³â ÈÄ Robert Gallo°¡ µîÀåÇß°í, ±×´Â HIV°¡ AIDS¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù°í °øÇ¥ Çß´Ù.
AIDS ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î T ¼¼Æ÷´Â Áõ½ÄÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¾ÏÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º°¡ AIDS¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù¸é, ¾ÏÀ» Ä¡·áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾àÀº AIDS¸¦ Ä¡·áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1985³â Burroughs WellcomeÀº º®Àå ¼Ó¿¡ ÃÄ ¹ÚÇô ÀÖ´ø AZT¸¦ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ F.D.A¿¡ ½ÂÀνÅû Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀº AZT´Â ¿À·ÎÁö HIV¿¡ °¨¿°µÈ T¼¼Æ÷¸¸À» Á×ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.

ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾î¶² ½Å¾àÀÌ F.D.AÀÇ ½ÂÀÎÀ» ¾ò´Âµ¥´Â 2³âÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÈ´Ù(¿¬±¸¿Í ½ÃÇè¿¡ 1³â, ½ÂÀÎÀýÂ÷»ó ¼Ò¿äµÇ´Â 1³â). ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ½ÂÀÎÀÌ ÀÖ±â Àü¿¡ Á¦¾àȸ»ç´Â ±× ¾àÀ» Á¦Á¶ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÆǸÅÇÒ ¼öµµ ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª AZT´Â ¾ÆÁÖ Æ¯º°ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁöÁöµÇ´Â Ưº°ÇÑ ¾àÀ̾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ±×°ÍÀº °¢º°ÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
Burroughs WellcomeÀº ȯÀڵ鿡°Ô ÀÓ»ó½ÇÇèÀ» ½Ç½ÃÇߴµ¥, ±× ½ÇÇèÀº ¸î ÁÖ¸¸¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù.
"±× ½ÇÇèÀ» Áï°¢ ÁߴܽÃÅ°·Á´Â ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. AZTÀÇ µ¶¼ºÀÌ ±Øµµ·Î ³ôÀº °ÍÀÌ Áõ¸íµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù." ¶ó°í Bruce NussbaumÀº 1990³â ±×ÀÇ Àú¼­ 'Good Intentions'¿¡¼­ ¸»Çß´Ù.
ÇÑ F.D.A Á¶»ç°üÀº ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀÌ Ç¥ÁØÀûÀÎ ½ÇÇè°èȹÀýÂ÷¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³­ °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.
¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ F.D.A °ü·á´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÎÁ¤Çß´Ù. "½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÌµç °£¿¡ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÀÌ ½ÇÇè¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÑ È¯ÀÚµéÀº AZTÀÇ µ¶¼º¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ´Â ¸¹Àº Áúº´Áõ»óµéÀ» ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù."
Project InformÀÇ ¼³¸³ÀÚÀÎ Martin DelaneyÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù. "AZT ½ÇÇèÀº F.D.AÀÇ ¾à¹°½ÂÀÎ ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå ¾û¼ºÇß°í °¡Àå ºó¾àÇÏ°Ô ¼öÇàµÆ´Ù."

Burroughs WellcomeÀº F.D.AÀÇ Á¤½Ä½ÂÀÎÀÌ ÀÖ±â Àü AZT¸¦ ÆÈ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çϴ Ưº°Çã°¡¸¦ ¿äûÇß´Ù. 5ÀÏ ÈÄ ¸î ¸î °íÀ§Á÷À¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ ¾Ð·Â´öºÐ¿¡ Çã°¡°¡ ³»·ÁÁ³´Ù. F.D.A´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ä±¸µÇ°í ÀÖ´ø »ýÁ㸦 ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ½ÇÇèµµ »ý·«Çß´Ù.
6°³¿ù ÈÄ AZT´Â F.D.A·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ½ÂÀÎÀ» ¾ò¾î³Â´Ù.

¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ °¡´ÉÇßÀ»±î?
¿µÈ­ Jerry McGuire ¼ÓÀÇ ´ë»ç°¡ ¶°¿À¸¥´Ù. "SHOW ME THE MONEY!"

¹°·Ð Burroughs WellcomeÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¾àÀÇ ¶óº§¿¡ ±× µ¶¼ºÀ» ¾Ë¸®´Â °æ°í¹®À» »ðÀÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ´Â µ¶¼ºÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.


TOXIC

[°ø±â·Î ÈíÀÔÇϰųª, ÇÇºÎ¿Í Á¢ÃËÇϰųª, »ïÅ°¸é À¯µ¶ÇÔ]
[¼Õ»óµÇ´Â ±â°ü : °ñ¼ö... Ãë±Þ ½Ã, ¹æ¾îÇϱ⿡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ ÀǺ¹À» Âø¿ëÇÒ °Í]

ÀÌ (ÇØ°ñ ±×¸²ÀÌ ±×·ÁÁø) ¶óº§Àº 25¹Ð¸®±×·¥ÀÇ AZT¸¦ ´ã°íÀÖ´Â º´¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾îÀִµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº AIDS ȯÀÚ°¡ ÇÏ·ç¿¡ º¹¿ëÇÏ´Â ¾ç¿¡ ºñÇϸé ÀÛÀº ºÎºÐ¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù.

AZTÀÇ ¾î¶² ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô À§ÇèÇÑ°¡?
AZT´Â ºÐ¿­ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ Á×ÀδÙ. ƯÈ÷ (¶óº§¿¡¼­ °æ°íÇÏ´Â °Íó·³) °ñ¼öÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ °ø°ÝÇϴµ¥, ¹Ù·Î ±× °ñ¼ö¿¡¼­ »õ·Î¿î ¹éÇ÷±¸¿Í ÀûÇ÷±¸°¡ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù(T¼¼Æ÷´Â ¹éÇ÷±¸·Î¼­ ÀÎü ¸é¿ªÃ¼°èÀÇ ±Ù°£À» ÀÌ·é´Ù.)
AZT´Â Áö±Ý±îÁö ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¾î¶² ¾àº¸´Ùµµ ÈǸ¢È÷ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷µéÀ» Á×ÀÌ´Â ÀÏÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.

ºÐ¸í Burroughs WellcomeÀº 'HIV ¿¡ °¨¿°µÈ T¼¼Æ÷¸¦ Á×À̸é AIDS¸¦ Ä¡·áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù'°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. AZT´Â ¸ðµç T¼¼Æ÷¸¦ Á׿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× Áß¿¡´Â °Ç°­ÇÑ T¼¼Æ÷µµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
HIV¿¡ °¨¿°µÈ »ç¶÷ÀÇ T¼¼Æ÷¸¦ º¸¸é ¾à 1000°³ Áß 1°³°¡ HIV¿¡ °¨¿°µÇ¾î Àִµ¥, AZT´Â °¨¿°µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â 1°³´Â ¹°·Ð ³ª¸ÓÁö 999°³ÀÇ °Ç°­ÇÑ T¼¼Æ÷µµ Æı«ÇÑ´Ù.

Àá±ñ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ »ý°¢Çغ¸ÀÚ.
T¼¼Æ÷ °áÇÌÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ±âȸ°¨¿°À» ¾Î°íÀÖ´Â AIDS ȯÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸é¿ªÃ¼°è´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ¸Á°¡Á® ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Ä¡·áÇϱâ À§ÇØ AZT¸¦ Åõ¿©ÇÏÁö¸¸, ½ÇÀº ³ª¸ÓÁö T¼¼Æ÷¸¶Á® AZT¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ìÇØ´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
AIDS ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô AZT¸¦ Åõ¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î Á×À½À» ¼±»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ¸¸¾à ±âȸ°¨¿°À¸·Î Á×Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í Çصµ, ±×µéÀº AZT¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸é¿ªÃ¼°è°¡ Æı«µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ´Ù¸¥ Áúº´À¸·Î ¹Ýµå½Ã Á×°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


The Tragedy

1987³â¿¡ À̸£·¯¼­ AZT´Â AIDS ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô Åõ¿©µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±× ÈÄ ¸î ³â µ¿¾È ´Ù¸¥ DNA ¾ïÁ¦Á¦(ddI, ddC) µéÀÌ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ÀýÂ÷¸¦ °ÅÃÄ F.D.AÀÇ ½ÂÀÎÀ» ¾ò¾î³Â´Ù.

AZT¸¦ º¹¿ëÇÑ AIDS ȯÀڵ鿡°Ô ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾÀ»±î?
AZT°¡ Á¤¸»·Î AIDS¸¦ Ä¡·áÇßÀ»±î, ȯÀÚÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ¿¬Àå½ÃÄ×À»±î, ȯÀÚÀÇ »îÀÇ ÁúÀ» ³ô¿´À»±î?

¿¬±¸°á°ú¸¦ º¸¸é ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù. ±× ´ë½Å¿¡ ȯÀÚµéÀº ¸é¿ªÀÌ ÀúÇϵǴ ȭÇпä¹ýÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀ» °æÇèÇß´Ù : Å»¸ð, ±ÙÀ°°¨¼Ò, ºóÇ÷, ¸Þ½º²¨¿ò, ±¸Åä, ¼³»ç, üÁß°¨¼Ò, ¹ß±âºÎÀü, ¹éÇ÷±¸°¨¼Ò, °£¿°, ¼¼±Õ¼ºÆó·Å, ÀÓÆļ± ¾Ï µî.
AZT¸¦ º¹¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº 50¹è³ª ¸¹Àº ÀÓÆļ± ¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀ» º¸ÀÌ°í, AZT¸¦ º¹¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº 25% ³ôÀº »ç¸Á·üÀ» º¸À̸ç, 33% ³ôÀº Á¶±â»ç¸Á·üÀ» ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù.
Áõ°Å°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ°¡?

ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼­ ½Ç½ÃµÈ ¿¬±¸°á°ú¿¡ µû¸£¸é, AZT º¹¿ëÀÚÀÇ 1/3 ÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¸ö »óÅ°¡ ³ªºüÁö´Â °ÍÀ» °æÇèÇß°í, ³ª¸ÓÁö 2/3 Àº »õ·Î¿î AIDS ±âȸ°¨¿°ÁõÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.AZT º¹¿ëÀÚ 5¸í Áß 1¸í ²Ã·Î 9°³¿ù À̳»¿¡ »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù.
¿µ±¹¿¡¼­´Â 13¸íÀÇ AZT º¹¿ëÀÚ¸¦ °üÂûÇߴµ¥ 13¸í ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ½É°¢ÇÑ ºóÇ÷ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
È£ÁÖÀÇ °æ¿ì AZT º¹¿ëÀÚÀÇ ¹Ý ÀÌ»óÀÌ Àϳ⠵¿¾È »õ·Î¿î AIDS ±âȸ°¨¿°ÁõÀ» ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù. Àý¹ÝÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº »ýÁ¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¼öÇ÷À» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇßÀ¸¸ç, 1/3 »ç¶÷µéÀº 18°³¿ù À̳»¿¡ »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù.
³×´ú¶õµå ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº AZT º¹¿ëÀÚÀÇ 3/4 ÀÌ 14°³¿ù À̳»¿¡ »ç¸ÁÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °üÂûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °æ¿ì, 1994³â ½Ç½ÃµÈ ¿¬±¸´Â AZT º¹¿ë±º¿¡¼­ 2¹è³ª ³ô°Ô Á¶¹ß¼º Ä¡¸Å°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ HIV ¾ç¼ºÆÇÁ¤À» ¹Þ°í AZT¸¦ º¹¿ëÇÏ´Â Ç÷¿ìº´È¯ÀÚ´Â AZT¸¦ º¹¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ´Ù¸¥ HIV ¾ç¼º Ç÷¿ìº´È¯ÀÚ¿¡ ºñÇØ 2.4¹è ³ôÀº »ç¸í·üÀ» º¸¿´°í, À̵éÀº ¶ÇÇÑ AIDS ¹ß»ý¿¡ À־µµ 4.5¹è ³ô¾Ò´Ù.
1995³â ½Ç½ÃµÈ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »ç½ÇÀÌ µå·¯³µ´Ù. HIV ¾ç¼ºÆÇÁ¤À» ¹Þ°í AZT¸¦ º¹¿ëÇÏ´Â ³²¼ºµ¿¼º¿¬¾ÖÀÚ´Â Àû°Ô´Â 2¹è¿¡¼­ ¸¹°Ô´Â 4¹è±îÁö ³ôÀº ¼¼±Õ¼º Æó·ÅÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀ» ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù.

º¸Åë AIDS ȯÀÚÀÇ ¾à 3% ¸¸ÀÌ ÀÓÆļ± ¾ÏÀ» ¾ò´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª F.D.AÀÇ ½ÂÀνÃÇè¿¡ Âü¿©Çß´ø 50%ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ 3³â ÈÄ ÀÓÆļ± ¾Ï¿¡ °É·È´Ù.
AZT¸¦ °¡Àå ¿­·ÄÈ÷ ÁöÁöÇß´ø »ç¶÷ÁÖÀÇ Çϳª¿´´ø Paul Volberding´Â 1994³â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. "AZT¸¦ º¹¿ëÇÏ´ø »ç¶÷µéÀÇ T¼¼Æ÷´Â °¨¼ÒÇϴµ¥ ¹ÝÇØ, (°¡Â¥) AZT¸¦ º¹¿ëÇÏ´ø »ç¶÷µéÀÇ T¼¼Æ÷´Â 2³â ÀÌ»ó¿¡ °ÉÃÄ Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡Çß´Ù." ±×¸®°í ¸¶Ä§³» Paul Volberding´Â 1995³â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÎÁ¤Çß´Ù. "AZT´Â (¹« Áõ»óÀÇ) HIV ¾ç¼º ¹ÝÀÀÀÚµéÀ̳ª AIDS ȯÀÚµéÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ¿¬Àå½ÃÅ°Áö ¸øÇß´Ù."

°£´ÜÈ÷ ¸»ÇØ, ¿ì¸®´Â AIDS ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê°í, ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ±×µéÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ´ÜÃà½ÃÅ°´Â ¾àÀ» Åõ¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


The Plot Sickens

ºñ±ØÀº °Å±â¼­ ³¡³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. 1990³âºÎÅÍ HIV=AIDS °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¾Æ¹«·± Áõ»óÀÌ ¾ø´Â HIV ¾ç¼º ¹ÝÀÀÀڵ鿡°Ôµµ AZT¸¦ Åõ¿©Çß´Ù.
´ÜÁö HIV¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü¸¦ °¡Á³´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº, °Ç°­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸é¿ªÃ¼°èµµ Æı«½ÃÅ°´Â ³ôÀº µ¶¼ºÀ» °¡Áø ¾à¹°À» Åõ¿©Çß´Ù(±×µéÀÇ ¸ö ¼Ó¿¡´Â ¾×ƼºêÇÏ°Ô È°µ¿ÇÏ´Â HIV´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ´Ù¸¸ Ç×ü¸¸ Á¸ÀçÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.). °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ AIDS¸¦ ¿¹¹æÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù.

À̵鿡°Ô ¾î¶² ÀϵéÀÌ ÀϾÀ»±î?
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What Cures AIDS?

Meanwhile, we have gone about trying to "cure" AIDS based on Robert Gallo's 1984 press-conference announcement that it is caused by the virus called HIV.

Drug companies around the world spend millions of dollars each year developing new drugs. Sometimes these new drugs are purely speculative -- their chemical compound works, but they have no specific disease that they cure. These "discoveries" are then relegated to the back shelf of a closet somewhere, waiting for the right disease to show up for which they are the miracle cure. The whole process is a big waste of time and money for the drug company unless a new disease appears somewhere in the world and this new drug can be proven to be effective against it.

In 1964, in an attempt to find a cure for cancer, an English drug company called Burroughs Wellcome invented a chemical compound called azidothymidine, commonly known as AZT. Cancer, remember, is the abnormal and uncontrolled multiplication of cells, which often group together in tumors. The theory was that if we could find a drug that would stop cells from multiplying, we could stop cancer.

Ironically, the easiest way to stop cells from multiplying is to stop them from dividing --from creating new cells. Burroughs Wellcome discovered a way to interfere with the normal DNA reproduction of a cell, called a DNA-inhibitor -- AZT.

Unfortunately, there is no way for a DNA- inhibitor to tell the difference between a useful, healthy cell and a diseased cell. It simply interferes with them all. A cell will die trying to reproduce itself (as virtually all cells want to do), stopped by the DNA-inhibitor.

(This is how most chemotherapy works for cancer patients today. The drugs stop cells from dividing, and the cells die. All the cells. The death of those cells that normally divide most frequently -- like hair cells -- is noticed first; therefore, hair loss. What isn't so noticeable are the normal, healthy cells that are killed in the process, including the T-cells of the immune system. Most cancer patients die of the opportunistic diseases that result from immune suppression rather than from the cancer tumors themselves.)

However, Burroughs Wellcome didn't even try to get AZT approved for manufacture or use. Standard testing of the drug found that it was so powerful in destroying cells -- so toxic -- that it would kill the patient faster than the disease would. When Jerome Horwitz, head of a lab at the Detroit Cancer Foundation in 1964, tested AZT on cancer-ridden mice, it failed to cure the cancer. The mice died all right, but from the extreme toxicity of the drug itself and not from the cancer. AZT was quickly put on the shelf.

Twenty years later, along comes Robert Gallo, announcing to the world that his Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type III causes AIDS (even though in AIDS, the T-cells are diminished rather than multiplying uncontrollably). Well, if a virus that causes cancer is causing AIDS, then a drug that cures cancer should cure AIDS. Burroughs Wellcome pulled AZT off the shelf in 1985 and submitted it to the Food and Drug Administration of the United States (the FDA) for approval, claiming it would specifically kill only HIV-infected T-cells.

Normally, for a drug to be approved by the FDA, it takes about a year of research and testing -- including carefully monitored double-blind studies -- and then another year of FDA red tape. And while waiting for an FDA approval, the pharmaceutical company usually cannot manufacture or sell the drug. But AZT was a very special drug for a very special disease, backed by very special people. So it got very special attention. (It also helped to have Burroughs Wellcome paying $10,000 per study patient to each clinic involved.)

The short story is that the double-blind studies broke down within weeks. "A move to stop the trial began immediately. The toxicity of AZT was proving to be extremely high," says Bruce Nussbaum in his 1990 book, Good Intentions. "The FDA inspector found multiple deviations from standard protocol procedure," an official later commented. Another FDA official admitted, "Whatever the 'real' data may be, clearly patients in this study...reported many disease symptoms from possible adverse drug experiences." Martin Delaney, founder of Project Inform, added, "The multi-center trials of AZT are perhaps the sloppiest and most poorly conducted trials ever to serve as the basis for an FDA drug licensing approval."

No matter. Burroughs Wellcome responded by requesting special permission to go ahead and sell AZT while the FDA decided whether or not to approve it. Five days later, thanks to some highly-placed political pressure, that permission was granted. The FDA also dropped the normal requirements that AZT be tested on mice. Six months later, AZT had full approval by the FDA. It could now be sold as a treatment for AIDS.

(Later, AZT was also tested as a cure for psoriasis. As one English reporter put it, "Burroughs Wellcome must be commended for creative marketing, producing [AZT] that can kill any rapidly replicating cells in one lot of patients [psoriasis sufferers] and selectively kill only HIV-infected cells in another lot of patients [AIDS]."

Want to know how all this could happen? Listen to Jerry McGuire: SHOW ME THE MONEY!

Of course, Burroughs Wellcome (and other manufacturers, like Sigma) still have to put the correct warnings on the drug labels.

Here's what it says for AZT....

TOXIC

Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin, and if swallowed.

Target organ(s): Blood Bone Marrow.... Wear suitable protective clothing.

Yes, be careful. Be sure to wear suitable protective clothing while swallowing AZT that is toxic when swallowed.

The skull and crossbones signify an unusual chemical hazard. This label must appear on bottles containing 25 milligrams of AZT -- a small fraction of a patient's recommended daily dose.

What does AZT do that makes it so dangerous? AZT kills dividing cells anywhere in the body, but especially (as the warning label says) in the bone marrow where new red blood cells and white blood cells are made. (Remember that T-cells are white blood cells that form the backbone of the body's immune system.) And it does the best job at killing these cells than any other drug discovered to date.

Apparently at Burroughs Wellcome, the thinking was that AZT would kill HIV-infected T-cells and thus be a cure for AIDS. It does do that. It kills T-cells extremely well, but all T-cells, whether or not they are HIV-infected -- healthy cells as well as sick cells. Repeat: AZT is dramatically effective in killing virus-infected and uninfected T-cells alike. And since only 1 in about 1000 T-cells of an HIV Positive person is ever "infected", AZT must kill 999 good T-cells in the process.

Let's think about this for a moment. We've got a patient with AIDS -- a patient with a T-cell deficiency, suffering from an opportunistic disease. The immune system is already shot. So we're going to cure them by giving them a drug (AZT) that kills all their remaining T-cells faster than anything else in the world. Are we nuts?

Giving AZT to an AIDS patient is the kiss of death. If they don't die from the opportunistic disease they started with, they'll surely die from the other diseases that appear as their immune system is destroyed even further by the drug.

The Tragedy

By 1987, AZT was being given routinely to patients diagnosed with AIDS. Over the next few years, other DNA-inhibitors were similarly approved by the FDA for the treatment of AIDS, like "ddI" and "ddC." (Anthony Fauci, director for AIDS research at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, admitted in 1995 that "ddI has never been compared with a placebo in a large study.")

What happens to these patients on AZT? Does AZT actually cure AIDS, or prolong the life of the patient, or increase the quality of the patient's life?

Not according to all the studies. Instead, the patients experience all the usual side-effects of immunosuppressive chemotherapy: hair loss, muscle degeneration, anemia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, impotence, leukopenia, hepatitis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, and cancers such as lymphoma.

The fact is that AZT recipients develop lymphoma 50 times more often, and 25% more patients die if they are taking AZT ? and they die 33% faster -- than non-AZT patients. Want proof?

In a French study on hundreds of AIDS patients taking AZT, one-third experienced a worsening of their AIDS conditions, and others developed new AIDS opportunistic diseases. On AZT, one out of every five patients died within nine months.

In England, on a study of thirteen AIDS patients taking AZT, all thirteen developed severe anemia.

In Australia, more than half the patients taking AZT developed a new AIDS opportunistic disease during the first year. Half needed blood transfusions to survive. One-third died within eighteen months.

A Dutch study found that three-quarters of the patients on AZT died within fourteen months.

In the United States, a 1994 study found twice as much dementia in AZT-treated patients. Also in 1994, HIV Positive hemophiliacs taking AZT had a 2.4 times higher mortality rate and a 4.5 times higher AIDS risk rate than HIV Positive hemophiliacs not taking AZT. In 1995, a study found that HIV Positive male homosexuals on AZT treatment had anywhere from two to four times the risk to develop Pneumocystis pneumonia.

Usually, only three percent (3%) of AIDS patients get lymphoma (cancer). But 50% of those patients taking AZT in the original (Phase I) FDA approval trials developed lymphoma three years later.

Even one of the biggest proponents of AZT, Paul Volberding, wrote a report in 1994 that the T-cells of a placebo group in an AZT study had increased gradually over two years, while the T-cells of those taking AZT had decreased. Volberding finally admitted in 1995 that "AZT does not significantly prolong either AIDS-free or overall survival."

In short, we're giving a drug to AIDS patients that not only does them no good, but actually worsens their condition and shortens their life. Why in God's name would we continue to do this?

Someone had a bright idea -- if these DNA-inhibitors are so bad, let's start hiding them in a drink with a "fun" name and call them "new." So as of 1996, HIV Positives are now being given "cocktails" made from an elaborate combination of DNA-inhibitors and protease-inhibitors -- although the long-term consumption of protease-inhibitors alone, or in combination with DNA-inhibitors, has yet to be determined in animals or in humans. (The HIV/AIDS establishment has been unusually silent on the current status of the first group of test patients to try protease-inhibitors in 1995.)

The Plot Sickens

But the tragedy doesn't stop there. With all their "success" with AZT, the HIV/AIDS establishment decided in 1990 to start giving AZT to people who tested positive for the HIV antibody, but had no signs of illness. You read that correctly....in 1990, we started giving a highly toxic drug that destroys the immune system to healthy people because they had the antibodies to the virus called HIV. Repeat: not an active HIV virus running wild in their body, but the antibodies to the virus called HIV. It was called "AIDS Prevention!"

And what happened to these people? The same thing that happens to AIDS patients: hair loss, muscle degeneration, anemia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, impotence, leukopenia, hepatitis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, dementia, and lymphoma. In short, these people develop AIDS!

And rightfully so. AZT kills the body's T-cells. It destroys the immune system. It ruins any chance the body has of fighting off opportunistic diseases. AZT causes AIDS!

Even Burroughs Wellcome agrees. They state in the Physicians' Desk Reference (the drug encyclopedia for doctors): "It was often difficult to distinguish adverse events possibly associated with AZT administration from the underlying signs of HIV disease [AIDS]."

What we've done is to take a large number of people -- friends of ours -- who were perfectly healthy, give them AIDS by giving them AZT, and watch them die.

Only the bravest, the most contrary, the ones who can stand up to the pressure from their doctor and so-called friends -- the ones who have refused to take AZT when told they were HIV Positive -- have survived.

How many have we killed with AZT? It's very difficult to say. The CDC has recorded 220,000 deaths from AIDS (listed as Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection) from 1987 to 1994, with some 40,000 in 1994 itself. If we count on at least another 40,000 again in 1995 and 1996, we're over 300,000 total AIDS deaths since 1987.

Burroughs Wellcome says its total income from the sale of AZT since 1987 is 2.5 Billion dollars -- about $400 million this year alone. The average wholesale cost for one year for one patient is $2,000 ($10,000-12,000 retail). That works out to 1.25 million patient-years of AZT prescription since 1987.

The average patient only takes AZT for about one year -- which is explained by the fact that within one to two years, the average AZT recipient either dies from the toxicity of the drug or their opportunistic disease(s), or stops taking AZT after only a few months because of the unbearable side effects.

This works out to a guess that somewhere around a million people worldwide have taken AZT. Since the United States and Europe are the only places of AIDS concentrations that can afford the drug, and since the U.S. has about twice as many HIV Positives as Europe, the bottom line is....

Probably around 600,000 people in the U.S. have taken AZT since 1987, many of whom had no symptoms of AIDS when they started.

Half of them have died.

The rest have suffered -- are suffering --needlessly.

Not a very good track record for a drug.

In fact, the rise in the number of deaths from AIDS since 1987 directly corresponds to the rise in the use of AZT. And the pressure to take AZT or other DNA-inhibitor/protease-inhibitor cocktails if you are diagnosed with AIDS or found to be HIV Positive (even without symptoms) is virtually overwhelming.

So of the 300,000 deaths attributed to AIDS by the CDC since 1987, the vast majority probably died from taking AZT -- from the extreme toxicity of the drug itself, or from an opportunistic disease that resulted from the destruction of the immune system by AZT, or from developing AIDS by taking AZT,...

...especially since the recovery rate of HIV Positives and AIDS patients is so high when they stop taking AZT and other recreational drugs.

"[I]n researching his 1990 book Surviving AIDS, [Michael] Callen interviewed nearly fifty people who had lived for many years not just after being pronounced HIV-positive, but after an AIDS diagnosis. He found that only four had ever used AZT; three of those had since died, and one was dying of AZT-induced lymphoma. But the overwhelming majority of the long-term survivors had somehow managed to resist the enourmous pressure to take AZT."

We can't do much for the hundreds of thousands that have already died from AZT, but we can certainly do something for the others that are currently taking this deadly drug and those who have escaped its consequences thus far, simply because they don't know they're HIV Positive.

What can we do? Easy. STOP AZT  
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